Syria ceasefire deal backed by Russia and Turkey takes effect

Spokesman for Syrian armed opposition groups Osama Abu Zaid holds a press conference on the ceasefire between Syrian opposition groups and the Syrian government, at Anadolu Hotels Downtown in Ankara, Turkey on December 29, 2016. Zaid told that the cease-fire covers all armed group all across the Syria and does not exclude any regions. Turkey and the Russian Federation will act as guarantor countries in supporting the cease-fire. ( Güven Yılmaz – Anadolu Agency )

Spokesman for Syrian armed opposition groups Osama Abu Zaid (R) holds a press conference on the ceasefire between Syrian opposition groups and the Syrian government, at Anadolu Hotels Downtown in Ankara, Turkey on December 29, 2016. Zaid told that the cease-fire covers all armed group all across the Syria and does not exclude any regions. Turkey and the Russian Federation will act as guarantor countries in supporting the cease-fire. ( Güven Yılmaz – Anadolu Agency )

Spokesman for Syrian armed opposition groups Osama Abu Zaid holds a press conference on the ceasefire between Syrian opposition groups and the Syrian government, at Anadolu Hotels Downtown in Ankara, Turkey on December 29, 2016. Zaid told that the cease-fire covers all armed group all across the Syria and does not exclude any regions. Turkey and the Russian Federation will act as guarantor countries in supporting the cease-fire. ( Güven Yılmaz – Anadolu Agency )

Spokesman for Syrian armed opposition groups Osama Abu Zaid holds a press conference on the ceasefire between Syrian opposition groups and the Syrian government, at Anadolu Hotels Downtown in Ankara, Turkey on December 29, 2016. Zaid told that the cease-fire covers all armed group all across the Syria and does not exclude any regions. Turkey and the Russian Federation will act as guarantor countries in supporting the cease-fire. ( Güven Yılmaz – Anadolu Agency )

A nationwide ceasefire in Syria, brokered by Russia and Turkey, which back opposing sides in the conflict, came into force at midnight on Friday, local time, (2200 GMT on Thursday) in the latest attempt to end nearly six years of bloodshed.

Russian President Vladimir Putin, a key ally of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, announced the ceasefire on Thursday after preparing the agreement with Turkey, a longtime backer of the opposition.

A number of opposition groups have signed the agreement, Russia’s Defence Ministry said. Several rebel officials acknowledged the deal, and a spokesman for the Free Syrian Army (FSA), a loose alliance of insurgent groups, said it would abide by the truce.

Spokesman for Syrian armed opposition groups Osama Abu Zaid holds a press conference on the ceasefire between Syrian opposition groups and the Syrian government

One FSA commander was optimistic about the truce deal, the third attempt this year at a nationwide ceasefire.

“This time I have confidence in its seriousness. There is new international input,” Colonel Fares al-Bayoush said, without elaborating.

It is the first ceasefire deal reached without the involvement of the United States or the United Nations.

The previous two, brokered by Cold War foes Washington and Moscow, took effect in February and September but both collapsed within weeks as warring sides accused each other of truce violations and fighting intensified.

Putin said the parties were also prepared to start peace talks intended to take place in Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan. Syrian state media said late on Thursday that these talks would take place “soon”.

The Syrian government will be negotiating from a strong position after its army and their allies, including Shi’ite militias supported by Iran, along with Russian air power, routed rebels in their last major urban stronghold of Aleppo this month.

Moscow’s air campaign since September last year has turned the civil war in his favour, and the last rebels left Aleppo for areas that are still under rebel control to the west of the city, including the province of Idlib.

Before talks can take place, the ceasefire will have to hold.

In a sign that the latest truce could be as challenging to maintain as its predecessors, there was confusion over which rebel groups would be covered by the ceasefire.

The Syrian army said the agreement did not include the radical Islamist group Islamic State, fighters affiliated to al Qaeda’s former branch the Nusra Front, or any factions linked to those jihadist groups.

But several rebel officials said the agreement did include the former Nusra Front – now known as Jabhat Fateh al-Sham – which announced in July that it was severing ties with al Qaeda.

The powerful Islamist insurgent group Ahrar al-Sham meanwhile said it had not signed the ceasefire agreement because of “reservations”, which it would make clear in due course.

Syria’s civil war, which began when a peaceful uprising descended into violence in 2011, has resulted in more than 300,000 deaths and displaced over 11 million people, half its pre-war population.